Gum disease is a common yet often overlooked condition that affects 64 million people in the US (approximately 47%) For such a staggering number of people, what starts out as a mild form of gingivitis, when left untreated, quickly progresses into more severe forms, causing significant damage to both your oral and overall health. Dr. Turab Rai, a renowned general dentist, member of Franklin Dental Care & Dentures and founder of the Turabify Network, shares his insights on the importance of recognizing and treating gum disease before it escalates.
What Is Gum Disease?
Gum disease is an infection of the tissues that surround and support your teeth. It typically begins with plaque, a sticky, colorless film of bacteria that forms on your teeth and gums, building up on the teeth and gums due to poor oral hygiene. If not removed through regular brushing and flossing, plaque hardens into tartar, which can only be professionally removed by a dentist or hygienist.
Stages of Gum Disease:
- Gingivitis: In the earliest stage, there is irritation, redness, and swelling on the gums. It’s usually painless and reversible with good oral care.
- Periodontitis: If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, where the gums start to pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that trap bacteria. This stage can lead to tooth loss if not addressed.
- Advanced Periodontitis: The most severe form, which can result in significant tooth and bone loss. Treatment at this stage typically requires more invasive procedures.
Common Symptoms of Gum Disease
In cases of gum disease, detecting the infection early is extremely important to prevent its symptoms from spreading, so here’s what you have to look out for:
- Red, swollen, or bleeding gums, especially when brushing or flossing
- Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth
- Receding gums or longer-looking teeth
- Loose or shifting teeth
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s essential to schedule an appointment with a dentist immediately.
Why Should You Be Concerned?
While gum disease may seem like a minor issue, something you can fix with either artificial teeth or a trip to the dentist, it bears severe health consequences when left untreated. Dr. Rai explains that gum disease is linked to various health problems beyond just your oral health. Here are some reasons why you should be concerned:
- Tooth Loss: As gum disease progresses, the tissues and bone that support your teeth become weakened. This can lead to tooth mobility and, eventually, tooth loss.
- Increased Risk of Heart Disease: Research has shown that gum disease is linked to an increased risk of heart disease. The inflammation caused by gum infections can contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, potentially leading to heart conditions like atherosclerosis and stroke.
- Diabetes Complications: Gum disease can make it harder to control blood sugar levels, which can worsen diabetes. Conversely, diabetes can increase the risk of gum disease, creating a dangerous cycle that affects both your oral and overall health.
- Pregnancy Risks: Pregnant women with gum disease are at a higher risk for premature birth and low birth weight. It’s crucial for expecting mothers to maintain good oral hygiene to protect both their health and the health of their baby.
- Respiratory Problems: The bacteria from gum disease can enter the bloodstream and travel to the lungs, potentially causing respiratory issues such as pneumonia.
Preventing Gum Disease
However, there is always good news. The main one is that gum disease is largely preventable by maintaining proper oral hygiene. Dr. Rai recommends the following steps to keep your gums healthy:
- Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush to remove plaque.
- Floss daily to remove plaque and food particles between your teeth and below the gumline.
- Visit your dentist regularly for professional cleanings and checkups. Regular dental visits allow your dentist to catch any early signs of gum disease before they become a problem.
- Eat a balanced diet and avoid tobacco, which can contribute to gum disease and impair your body’s ability to fight infection.
When Should You Seek Treatment?
If you notice any symptoms of gum disease, such as swollen gums or bleeding when brushing, Dr. Rai recommends scheduling an appointment as soon as possible. Early-stage gum disease, or gingivitis, can often be reversed with good oral hygiene and professional treatment. However, once gum disease progresses to periodontitis, more intensive treatments, such as scaling and root planing, may be necessary.
For more information on maintaining healthy gums or to schedule a consultation, visit Franklin Dental Care & Dentures.